A Review on Recent Advances of Cerebral Palsy

Major Points and Findings:

1. Objective: The narrative review aims to summarize the latest advances in cerebral palsy (CP) and identify areas where more research is required.
2. Prevalence and Risk Factors:
   • The prevalence of CP is 2-3 per 1000 live births.
   • Major factors correlated with CP are gestational age and birth weight.
   • Risk factors for CP span across different stages: preconception, prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal.
   • The highest contributing risk factor is prematurity and being underweight.
3. Classification:
   • CP is classified into three main forms: spastic (80%), dyskinetic (15%), and ataxic (5%).
4. Diagnosis:
   • Diagnosis of CP is based on clinical investigation and neurological examinations.
   • Tools used include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), biomarkers, and cranial ultrasound.
5. Treatment:
   • Various treatment procedures for CP include medical and surgical interventions, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, umbilical milking, nanomedicine, and stem cell therapy.
   • Technological advancements in the treatment and diagnosis of CP were also discussed in the review.
6. Conclusion:
   • CP is the most common neuromotor disability with a prevalence rate mentioned above.
   • Several prevention and diagnostic techniques, such as MRI and ultrasound, are currently in use.
   • Treatments like cord blood treatment, nanomedicine, and stem cell therapy are areas that need further investigation for future clinical application.
   • The review also emphasizes the need for future studies in the context of technological advancements among children with cerebral palsy.