Major Points and Findings:
- Objective: The narrative review aims to summarize the latest advances in cerebral palsy (CP) and identify areas where more research is required.
- Prevalence and Risk Factors:
- The prevalence of CP is 2-3 per 1000 live births.
- Major factors correlated with CP are gestational age and birth weight.
- Risk factors for CP span across different stages: preconception, prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal.
- The highest contributing risk factor is prematurity and being underweight.
- Classification:
- CP is classified into three main forms: spastic (80%), dyskinetic (15%), and ataxic (5%).
- Diagnosis:
- Diagnosis of CP is based on clinical investigation and neurological examinations.
- Tools used include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), biomarkers, and cranial ultrasound.
- Treatment:
- Various treatment procedures for CP include medical and surgical interventions, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, umbilical milking, nanomedicine, and stem cell therapy.
- Technological advancements in the treatment and diagnosis of CP were also discussed in the review.
- Conclusion:
- CP is the most common neuromotor disability with a prevalence rate mentioned above.
- Several prevention and diagnostic techniques, such as MRI and ultrasound, are currently in use.
- Treatments like cord blood treatment, nanomedicine, and stem cell therapy are areas that need further investigation for future clinical application.
- The review also emphasizes the need for future studies in the context of technological advancements among children with cerebral palsy.